Biandaolei professional prerequisite knowledge — movie knowledge _ lingxiao infants

The birth of cinema films is a young art, only 100 years since birth. The inventor of the movie is France's Lu m El brothers, they took the world's first film "the factory gates", "train", etc, in 1895, 28 December for the first time in Paris a "Grand Café" public screening in the basement. Although these films are very short, no sound, no plot, but resolved the basic techniques of film — let the picture change live, this marked the birth of cinema. After that, they also took many life documentaries, including the water gardeners "is a plot of the movie. The art of film film formation of the invention, and soon spread throughout Europe and the United States there is a group of filmmakers, each contribution. United Kingdom of Smith's broken cameras not dynamic frame, bold changes the location of the camera, distance, angle, so that the movie has a push, pull, shake, move, moving camera. France Meri love promoting film stunt. He accidentally found a movie of some of the stunts, such as outages and then shoot, synthesis, movements that perspective, then apply special effects took many "movie magic tablet". Later, the United States of Griffith use lens clip and Group received, created a new lens language — montage. 20 years of the Soviet Union, a group of film artists such as Stan Pudovkin, aisen, Gallery frithiof and so in theory and practice, summarizes the montage. If the library frithiof made famous "Gallery frithiof experiment". He used a famous actress usual expression of a lens in a pie, a sleeping baby and a villager's lens, respectively three groups of viewers, and asked what the actor. Results of the three groups of viewers were answered as "greedy greedy," and "love" and "fear" (in fact, the same facial expressions). This shows that different groups among the lens received, will make the same lens produce different effects. Montage film language. Montage theory lessons, marks the formation of film art. It makes the movie has its own unique way, allowing the film to truly become an independent arts and later television and original art categories with great impact. Film advances in technology silent movie: no sound from the early movies are referred to as the "silent" or "great mute", dialogue and circumstances can only explain the title. This brings some of the features of early cinema: the plot is simple, strong, expression, exaggerated movements, such as Chaplin's early comedies. Audio: in 1926, the United States are de Crest addresses a problem: his voice into optical signals that syncing was recorded on the film's screen, audio piece of invention. The following year, Warner Bros. pictures out of the world's first sound film "jazz tenor. Since then, the film becomes the art audio visual attractions. Color film: 1932, color film successfully produced. In 1935, the United States-Ma-Mo, Director of the world's first large color feature film the glitz world ". 50 years later, the film technology has made new progress, has a widescreen movie (aspect ratio is 3: 5 and above, normal screen is 3: 4), the haunted mansion (sound coming from different directions), 3D movie (with polarized glasses to see 3D effects), as well as panoramic cinema, movie screen, ball curtain movie and film, etc. Film classification cartoons: role played by the actor, not without artificial drawing, produced by the artificial dubbing, including animated films (animé), puppetry, paper etc. They all take "UHS" method-by-case basis, that is, take a picture, and then stop another picture, or a puppet, paper-cutting move slightly. Because of its role and actions entirely artificial drawing, manipulate, so have his own way of creating various magic scene, most good shooting animals and mythological subjects, by the children's favorite, advertising film, scientific also show. Computer and 3D animation technologies make cartoons of techniques has entered a new phase. Documentary: narrow documentaries only refers to the news documentary, documentary film, generalized documentaries include the equator, documentary film, stage. Scientific: refers to the use of various film stunt, explaining some of the scientific knowledge of the movie. Teaching films also belong to this category, record experts, professors and instructors to teach the model content, such as teaching language, teach sport, education and art, as well as medical conversation, etc. Feature film: the film's subject, referred to as "positive", it affected the most, most species. According to the style, subject matter content, can be divided into comedies, tragedies, histories, ancient tablets, God (child) words, ertongpian, fighting films, martial arts (kungfu) tablets, action, shooting, cracked, reasoning, sci-fi movies, life, lunlipian, fad, youth film, horror movie, disaster movie, music, etc. X [W] = art-yJJ: between fiction films and theatrical documentary, it means the movie theatre to the silver screen, the movie, such as musicals, dance and Opera film, etc. Foreign films Hollywood in the United States West coast city of Los Angeles suburb, is a United States film production centres, the world's most famous film base, known as the "world cinema". From the beginning of the 20th century, it gradually became the film base, has established dozens of film company. There are eight of the most famous companies, Fox, MGM, paramount, Warner, United, universal, Colombia, lightning 's. They each have their own Studio, laboratory, film machinery plant, research institutions, etc., forming a huge film city, known as "the Kingdom" movie. Hollywood is the United States and the world of movies made outstanding contribution. A 1920s, Griffith photographed here with the party politics "and other pieces for the montage theory provides the instance. Warner company here took the jazz tenor ", the world's first sound film. Three or four years is Hollywood's heyday, with an annual output of more than 700 films. ' 60s, because of the economic crisis and the challenge of TV Hollywood into trouble, obscene, violent movies flooding, but there is still much classic. The 1970 's, Hollywood hegemony to revitalize the film, made the two aspects of the reform. One is to introduce technological changes, high-tech to widescreen movies, Movie screen, 3D movie, moving the film to attract viewers. Second, the reform, the combined strengths, many large scenes of "large", such as the epic film, war movies, science fiction, disaster movie, have been successful. Hollywood in the Western United States. It's early in the film, there are many descriptions of United States was the story of the development of the Western theme, such as Indian tribe, adventure, hero rescue beauty like, full of Western style and adventures, breathtaking colors are called the "Western". Foreign famous film directors Griffith: is the United States early film directors, 1915, Director of the birth of a nation, 1916 in the movie of the same party politics, he designed the famous "last second" rescue: husband and wife were escorted, seizes hold pardon came to the rescue. Received through the clip and groups, so that the two scenes alternate repeatedly, creating tension, dramatic effect strongly, was among the first to use a successful example of parallel montage. Pudovkin: early Soviet film directors, adaptation directed the movie "mother", the end of St. Petersburg, the Soviet historical Pavlov, etc. He is also author of the film director and film director, film actor art "and other books. Aisen Stein: early Soviet film directors. In 1925, he directed the silent film the Battleship Potemkin, "reflects the 1905 Russian revolution in the Black Sea sailors uprising. In the "Odessa steps appeals," a play, he uses typical details, rich lens language reflects the Czar's brutal and people's revolt. He is Director of the film was also the October "," Kwasniewski, Ivan Lei, Emperor, he also wrote a monograph of the film art of four speakers, etc. The above person on film montage theory made remarkable contributions. October 1958, Brussels International Film Festival, good out of the ten directors at that time, namely, Chaplin (United States), aisen Stan (Su), Rene · Claire (France), de · West card (Italy), Griffith (United States), John · Ford (United States) · Jean Renoir (law), Carl · Madeleine leaf (method), Feng · straw Heng (United States), Pudovkin (Su). Disney: is United States animation master, known as the father of the "cartoons" and "King" of the Kingdom of the animation. He played from the 1930s, and directing production of a large number of animated films, such as Mickey Mouse, Donald Duck "," snow white "," little Red Riding Hood, swept the world, become the world's largest audience of film. He took advantage of the lucrative income, in Los Angeles, founded the world's first children's amusement park – Disneyland, later also in Paris, Tokyo and founded the Disneyland. Hitchcock: is the United States well-known film directors, known as the "master of suspense films." He is a good way with suspense film, written and very interesting works. Representatives of the 39th step, "frenzy", "butterfly dream", etc. United States there are other famous directors, flaaming, hawks, gold · Victoria, weilian · Wheeler, George · Gu Ke, Spielberg, Cameron, etc. Other countries of the famous Director of the Soviet Union, Du Fu's PeopleSoft Japan of Akira Kurosawa, Italy's Rossi Carini, Chai method Dini, France in Energodar, struever, etc. Foreign film star world famous film actor, first · Charlie Chaplin. He was born in London in 1889, and was admitted to the American slums. His ten-year-old played a funny mission, the 24-year-old actress played United States tour. After restart, East studios for Sena-like wheat and go to the silver screen, he took a dozen "Kai Gaston comedy short film," a comedy star. In 1919, he founded his own production company, a personal and written and directed by composer and producer starred, successively took 80 comedy, such as the "gold rush", the city of light "," modern times "," the great dictator "," where Mr., Mrs., etc. Many films to tramp ciarlo image appears. Them to laugh as weapons, laugh at the society's ills, sympathy to the bottom. He hated, with sharp, deep content, unique ideas, superb acting as acclaimed as the world's most famous movie master. Chaplin lived the last Switzerland and took the stage career "," a King in New York, Hong Kong Countess, died 1977. United States apart from Hollywood movie star Charlie Chaplin, there are: Clark · Gibo, Robert · Taylor ·, Marlon Brando, Hopkins, Lawrence · Oliver, Sylvester Stallone, Schwarzenegger, Tom Hanks, Leonardo di Caprio ·. United States Hollywood actress, Vivien Leigh, Ingrid · Bao, Garbo, Cyd · dengboer, Marilyn Monroe, and Elizabeth · · Taylor, Hepburn. France famous movie stars: money la · Philip ·, Alain Delon. Japan famous movie stars: Takakura Ken, three puyouhe, Tanaka-Juan generation, Otowa, Ryoko Liyuanxiaojuan, Nakano. There is a famous movie star of the Soviet Union: history of Chor Jin, Bondarchuk, Streep seats usmanov, column jatskaia, La-Lai aulova United States film awards Oscar Awards, also known as the "Oscar", "United States film awards", is the United States most major film awards. United States is the world's film, the awards were also located in world cinema Hollywood, coupled with its long history, and then open an additional foreign countries, "best foreign film Prize", which is also the world's most famous film awards. Many people see it as the film industry's highest honor, as in the scientific community, Nobel Prize, the sports of the Olympic gold medal. In 1927, the United States of motion picture arts and Sciences was founded, its leaders Meyer proposal established awards to reward top film and creative professionals. In 1929, 16 may, at the first session was held in Los Angeles ceremony. The prize is a statue of alloy statue, a man with a sword standing on a reel film cartridge. 1931 Awards, one of the judges in alarm the statue: "he's more like my uncle Oscar!", you say this statue for "Oscar", later sang along to learning. The initial two-year assessment session, 1934 after one session each year, and 2000 for the 72nd session. Awards program, first by the College of members of the candidate list, after the primary election announced nominations (it is also important to honor), then 400 judges secret ballot until the ceremony opening the envelope, the result is announced. Golden Globe Awards, is the United StatesHollywood Foreign Press Association founded the film award, established in 1944, once a year, to the year 2000 as the 57th. Annual awards presentation time at the Oscars before affect Oscar Award intentions, there is a "small Academy Awards". Foreign Film Festival and awards weinisi Film Festival: 1932 in Italy held shuicheng weinisi, is the world's oldest international film festival, once a year, in 2000 for the 56th. Award for "the Golden Lion Award" for "Silver Award". Cannes: 1947, in France, a small town in the Southeast coastal tourism Cannes, is a big movie watching, awards and trading activities, once a year, 2000: 53rd. Award for the "Golden Palm award." Berlin Film Festival: 1951 in Germany (West) Berlin, once a year, 2000: the 50th. Award for the "Golden bear". All three of these so-called Europe (Western) three Film Festival and three awards. In addition to the Oscar and three awards, many countries have established various film festivals, or enacting various awards. Such as the Czech "card Rowe · profitable Film Festival" (1946), India is New Delhi International Film Festival (1952, irregular) Spain · "San Sebastian International Film Festival" (1953), the Soviet Union have the Moscow International Film Festival (1935). In addition to Tokyo (Japan), Manila (Philippines), Teheran (Iran), Shanghai, Changchun (China), London (United Kingdom), New York, San Francisco (United States) Film Festival, as well as three major film festivals in Africa, Cairo (Egypt), Carthage (Tunisia), Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso) Film Festival. In addition to the above Film Festival Award (the best feature film award), there are numerous awards such as best screenplay, best director award, best actress award, best actress award, as well as best cinematography, music, art, clip, scientific, news film award, and so on. Foreign film schools in Italy's "new" realist films: popular in the fifties, in the case of critical realism. It is based on a true story, focus on the performance of the lower masses of misfortune to expose the capitalist social problems. Creation scripts only, outline their lines let actors improvising, using non-professional actors. Its not underlined the multi-purpose montage documentary practices field photography. As the Rome 11 o'clock ", write a company recruit a female Secretary, the results of thousands of women candidates, huddled together, the results of the stairs cave and many injured, and the next day I still have thousands of people to stand in line. Other cards have the Rome, open city, stealing a bicycle "," no peace under the olive tree, etc. France's "new wave": the popular in the ' 60s. The school against traditional dramatic, advocated the life, no story, no plot, no structure, extensive use of temporal and spatial dislocation, and Visual disorders approach to disrupt normal structure to symbolism reflects the sick and the destruction of humanity and the modernist film and commercial films. Love the Hiroshima representative "," exhausted "," 400 "," gasp under ". Western "stream of consciousness movie": popular in the 1960s, under Vladimir Roy de of psychology, the use of "stream of consciousness manipulation" lens to express the subjective awareness, common monologue, narration, token, hero, dreams, hallucinations and other practices, the idea of jumping, structure, obscure. There are the representatives of Sweden's wild strawberry, France's "last year in the ugliest shot Abad, Italy of the eight and a half", etc. United States of "big": the nineties, in order to compete with television audiences, Hollywood film at great effort, many large scenes of feature films. It features characters, scenes of large, complex base.more, scenery, high technological content. Film often used long shots (several minutes), length (several hours) to take long time (several years), to large return on investment for years. Famous large "Star Wars", "Superman", "after Egypt gaudily," "Jurassic Park", "true lies", "Titanic", etc.