The world's major powers gold reserves? _ Tin North

当今世界各大国的黄金储备有多少？1、当今世界各大国的黄金储备有多少？序号国家（地区）组织 数量（吨） 黄金占外汇储备%1美国8135.575.92德国3422.562.93国际货币基金组织 3217.34法国2709.657.45意大利2451.865.86瑞士1290.141.77日本765.21.88欧洲央行641.724.49荷兰640.955.310中国大陆1054211中国台湾423.33.212西班牙416.845.213俄罗斯402.8 2.814葡萄牙382.67915印度357.74.116委内瑞拉357.120.417英国310.213.818奥地利288.746.519黎巴嫩286.831.220比利时227.735.221阿尔及利亚173.64.322国际清算银行171. 923瑞典157.911.924利比亚143.84.925菲律宾143.713.226沙特阿拉伯14311.927新加坡127.41.928南非124.110.229土耳其116.13.730希腊111.88631罗马尼亚104.77.232波兰102.94.233印度尼西亚96.44.734泰国842.635澳大利亚79.82.836科威特7911.537埃及75.66.438哈萨克斯坦67.36.739丹麦66.54.540巴基斯坦65.310.741阿根廷54.73.742芬兰49.113.943保加利亚39.87.544西非经济货币联盟36.59.945马来西亚36.40.946斯洛伐克35.15.247秘鲁34.74.248玻利维亚28.318.249厄瓜多尔26.325.950摩洛哥222.251尼日利亚21.41.152白俄罗斯19.927.753乌克兰17.51.754塞浦路斯 wbr>14.55.155韩国14.30.156巴西13.70.357捷克13.50.958荷属安的列斯13.134.359约旦12.73.860柬埔寨12.418.561塞尔维亚11.82.162加纳8.78.163拉脱维亚7.73.664萨尔瓦多7.37.665缅甸7.21266中非经济货币共同体7.11.767哥伦比亚6.90.968危地马拉6.93.669马其顿6.87.770突尼斯6.8271蒙古 6.713.272伊拉克5.9 0.973立陶宛5.8274爱尔兰5.512.975斯里兰卡5.23.976巴林4.70.577墨西哥3.80.178孟加拉3.5279加拿大3.40.280斯洛文尼亚3.26.781阿鲁巴3.116.382匈牙利3.10.383莫桑比克35.184吉尔吉斯2.66.885卢森堡2.318.686阿尔巴尼亚2.22.587中国香港2.1？88冰岛21.889巴布亚新几内亚22.990毛里求斯1.93.191特立尼达和多巴哥 1.90.992也门1.60.793塔吉克斯坦1.414.894苏里南1.11095喀麦隆0.9 1.396洪都拉斯0.7 0.597卡塔尔0.6 0.298多米尼加0.6 0.599加蓬0.40.7100马拉维0.45.92、黄金储备具体有多少作用？黄金储备，指一国货币当局持有的，用以平衡国际收支，维持或影响汇率水平，作为金融资产持有的黄金。 It's stable economy, inflation, improve international credit, have a special role. Gold reserve of the managerial significance to achieve gold reserve the maximum possible liquidity and profitability. As an international reserve one of the main form of the gold reserves in mobility has its own limitations, so you should consider the scale of the problem. Correct understanding of the concept of gold reserve of significance to lie in: one, it will be helpful in determining reasonable gold reserves; the second is to avoid the daily operations of commercial banks and gold asset mix in favour of the Bank's normal operation; the third is conducive to the introduction of the gold control national central banks of the correct formulation of gold management policies to promote national gold industry and related industries of health development. Gold reserves as part of international reserves is a measure of national wealth, gold reserve high you resist the impact of international investment fund, to help compensate for capacity strengthening of balance of payments deficit, contribute to maintaining a country's economic stability, but too high for gold reserves will lead to higher costs of holding a Central Bank, as the gold reserve of yield in the long term baseThis has a value of zero, and the gold standard system after the breakup of the gold reserves have been significantly reduced in importance. At present, China's gold reserves of around 600 tons, is 6 million, an average 0.5 g to notes issued by the State must not so much the number. Role: from money banking perspective, regulation of the market total money supply. Determine gold reserve scale reference factors: 1. the international balance of payments situation 2. external debt level 3. foreign exchange reserves of the forms applied gold reserves are divided into: direct operations, indirect turnover, portfolio. 1. direct trading — a country's currency authorities with the international financial market opportunity, using a variety of trading instruments, directly involved in the gold market transactions. 2. indirect turnover — a country's currency authorities carried out by making and selling gold coins, gold, gold loans leasing business, indirectly achieved gold reserve increment, hedging purposes. 3. the portfolio — certain gold reserves in accordance with liquidity, profitability, promptly converted to profitability and liquidity are relatively strong foreign exchange reserves and, based on market exchange rates, and then make the appropriate adjustments. China's gold reserves mainly has two forms: (a) through the international gold market, take stock, futures and options, such as transactions to gold reserve operating profitability. (Ii) through the issuance, sale of gold coins, gold stocks. The purpose of the reserve gold States why reserve gold? States to reserves of gold is its gold currency item attribute. Due to the excellent properties of gold, gold as a monetary history of functions, such as the value scale, circulation, storage means, means of payment and historical currency. Along with the social economy development, gold has retired from circulation. 1970s Bretton Sen system collapse, gold and the dollar from Gold's monetary functions, has also been weakened, but still maintain a certain monetary functions. At present, many countries, including major Western countries international reserves, gold still has considerable importance. Gold is the most reliable means of hedging, itself has a value, the purchasing power of relative stability, in an inflationary environment, rising gold price synchronization. On the other hand, in deflation, the gold price will not be dropped, because history whenever the political and financial situation of instability onconsumer gold wave. Gold reserve exclusively national autonomous powers, a State with autonomous control of gold can be free from external interference. Gold relative notes, with relative stability of the inner, and notes are subject to the issuing State or the financial institutions credit and solvency of the creditor's rights over in a passive position, not as good as gold. Gold as a reserve, the role of States should not be overlooked. Today's national gold reserves to total up to thirty two thousand tons. Gold reserve of the reality of why States should engage in such a large gold reserves? 1, reserve diversification. In any portfolio, put your eggs in one basket, are not very wise. Gold price fluctuations, but certainly but reserves in currency exchange rates and interest rate volatility reserve back equally diversified usually practice than a single reserve have more stable return on investment. So our personal investments and do not put your eggs in one basket. 2. gold reserves as a country's economic security, in a State of play in the economy and its important role in stabilizing the State economy, maintain currency stability have important positive effects. And gold is a unique asset, it is not affected by any country's monetary policy and fiscal impact of direct. Therefore, when the country inflation, gold does not depreciate. Thus there will be no risk, so a little gold is in the House of fear occurs inflation. 3. material security. In the past, many countries had introduced foreign exchange control, what is more, the freezing of all foreign exchange assets. These measures are often on the foreign securities constitute reserves had a large impact. But when the reserve hold gold in reasonable, such effects will diminished. Reserves are for. So full of mobility is essential, there is no doubt that it has the characteristics of gold. 4. gold play "war Fund" role. In emergency situations, all countries are likely to need mobile resources. Gold mobile, is the universal acceptance of the means. In addition, gold may be mortgaged. 5, gold reserve of development can be used as a symbol of national strength. Total reserves in the World Gold 37.650 tons about World Gold production of 13 times. One of 1000 tons of countries and organizations are: United States, Germany, France, Italy, Switzerland and the International Monetary Fund, in those countries to United States reserves up to 8136.9 tons. 100 tons of country district 32, less than 10 tons of 47. China's gold reserves have reached 1054 tons. From the above figure, the powerful countries many of its gold reserves. This description is still the gold of comprehensive strength of flags of States. Therefore, the gold reserves for the countries of the world, especially in developed countries. So, as we are a nation of individuals, many want to reserve gold that we personally do not deposit? if not a little gold will come not response. 6, national deposit payment is for strategic reserves. Gold is a national body, the strategic reserve should not be overlooked. For example, United States of readiness reserve gold 65.5%, Netherlands 45.5%, France 41.9% Italy 45.9%, Switzerland 39.9%, Pakistan 32.6%, Kazakhstan 22.2%, Zimbabwe 39.9%, so that Chinese have a saying that "Cannon, two gold million." 7, is not easy due to gold, nor like devaluation of currency as easy. Thus a government holdings of gold will increase public confidence. Some countries explicitly recognised gold on the national currency has strong support for the role. In addition, the gold reserves to increase liquidity. States the official gold reserves of the main role is as an international reserve for payments. A number of gold reserve and its external debt solvency. A State reserves in gold, rating agencies will also give the green light on it. Therefore, the gold reserves to increase the degree of a country's credit. A country that, so it is a flat, we all know the "human House" store always has 100 two gold, enhanced credibility. If your home is also 100 two gold that you credit the high degree of certainty. 8, holders of gold can be regarded as a premium. IfExperience some unexpected event, at any time to guarantee payment of duty. All in all, the benefits of the national holdings of gold, then each family should like countries, in order to maintain stability, you should set aside some gold. 3, China's gold reserves point ratio is not too little? gold experts, Shanghai source complex enterprise management consulting co., Ltd. Chief Strategy analyst Liu Tao in this interview, said that the increase in China's gold reserves is very necessary, because of the RMB exchange rate reforms recently as a reference to a basket of currencies, the basket currency system is there gold is also worth attention. The current international political and economic unrest, terrorist attacks continue to occur, the situation in the Middle East have instability, while the dollar against major currencies dramatic swings and a series of factors, no matter how to reform the exchange rate mechanism, a corresponding increase in the foreign exchange reserves are necessary. Liu Tao further analysis pointed out that the US dollar, euro, Japanese yen and other major currencies and is firm and is only a credit currency, its release is issued to the holder on has a claim form. Gold as a real currency is totally risk-free. In the foreign exchange reserve 7109.73 only a mere 600 tons (now increased to 1054 tons) of gold reserves, which is a developing country is not enough, the scale of 1.16% ratio is too low, you should at least 10 per cent of the level to better protect against financial risks. When asked about the low level of gold reserves, Liu Tao said: the first is the lack of understanding; the second is excessive pursuit of dollar reserves of short-term gains, because the relative profitability of gold, gold is used as a last hedge of protection. So all these years, the foreign exchange reserves in the rising at the same time, while the gold reserves no big change. Liu Tao suggested that China should take to increase gold reserves and open civil gold market, increasing civil gold holdings linked to better align the official reserves of gold and increased civil reserve "double." (Reprint)